The energy conversion effectiveness is significantly bettered under centralized operation. Significant cost reductions are anticipated in the 1960s. The Wisconsin Solar Center studied the performance of solar cells in concentrated sun. Doe, EC and NEDO's exploration and development plans use CPV modules and systems to achieve high conversion effectiveness. The effectiveness of Sharp's InGaP/ GaAs/ InGaAs 3- junction concentrator solar cell is44.4. After 2008, the installation of CPV system in thirsty areas of the world increased, and by 2017, the global total installation reached 400 MW.
The out-of-door performance of multi junction solar cells for CPV operations has been deeply anatomized, and the most significant loss is called spectral mismatch loss. This is because the solar diapason isn't always the same as the design. The sub cells in the multi junction cell are electrically connected in series. According to Kirchhoff's law, the sub cell with the minimal affair current limits the total affair current. This type of loss is called" diapason mismatch loss". Spectral mismatch loss is the essential loss of all types of multi junction or multi junction solar cells, whether CPV or ordinary flat panel operations, except for further than 3 terminal configurations, in which the affair of the sub cell is independently connected to the cargo. Please note that in each type of installation, the solar height will lead to changes in the solar diapason and oscillations in air scattering and immersion due to seasonal goods, but the impact can be minimized by perfecting the solar cell design.
Under the real-world solar conditions, the most efficient solar cells in the efficiency competition do not always provide the best annual power generation, because the spectrum is always changing. The study of radiation coupling of concentrating solar cells shows that the efficiency can be improved by recovering the radiation recombination generated by the residual current in the upper junction. This configuration is called super multi junction cell. We extend the model in concentrating solar cells to non concentrating devices. The results show that this ultra multi junction cell configuration is robust and can maintain the maximum potential efficiency (50% in the actual spectrum fluctuation) on up to 10 junctions. Ultra multi junction cells are also robust in the band gap engineering of each junction. Therefore, in the future, multiple junctions may not be required to adjust the band gap to match the standard solar spectrum, nor do they need to rely on epitaxial stripping (ELO), wafer bonding, mechanical stacking and reverse growth, but only vertical and lattice matched growth techniques are used. We propose two challenging technologies; One is the optical cap layer, which may be the directional photon coupling layer in the application of photon technology, and the other is high-quality epitaxial growth with almost 100% radiation efficiency.